RESUMO
The first description of the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was made in 1980, followed closely by the discovery of HTLV-2, in 1982. Since then, the main characteristics of these viruses, commonly referred to as HTLV-1/2, have been thoroughly studied. Central and South America and the Caribbean are areas of high prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTVL-2 and have clusters of infected people. The major modes of transmission have been through sexual contact, blood, and mother to child via breast-feeding. HTLV-1 is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), and HTLV-associated uveitis as well as infectious dermatitis of children. More clarification is needed in the possible role of HTLV in rheumatologic, psychiatric, and infectious diseases. Since cures for ATL and HAM/TSP are lacking and no vaccine is available to prevent HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 transmission, these illnesses impose enormous social and financial costs on infected individuals, their families, and health care systems. For this reason, public health interventions aimed at counseling and educating high-risk individuals and populations are of vital importance. In the Americas this is especially important in the areas of high prevalence.
Assuntos
Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiologia , Adulto , Doadores de Sangue , Aleitamento Materno , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , América Central/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/transmissão , Feminino , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Infecções por HTLV-I/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HTLV-I/transmissão , Infecções por HTLV-II/epidemiologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HTLV-II/transmissão , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Leucemia de Células T/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/epidemiologia , Linfoma de Células T , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The first description of the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was made in 1980 followed closely by the discovery of HTLV-2, in 1982. Since then, the main characteristics of these viruses, commonly referred to as HTLV-1/2, have been thoroughly studied. Central and South America and the Caribbean are areas of high prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 and have clusters of infected people. The major modes of transmission have been through sexual contact, blood, and mother to child via breast-feeding. HTLV-1 is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), and HTLV-associated uveitis as well as infectious dermatitis of children. More clarification is needed in the possible role of HTLV in rheumatological, psychiatric and infectious diseases. Since cures for ATL and HAM/TSP are lacking and no vaccine is available to prevent HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 transmission, these illnesses impose enormous social and financial cost on infected individuals, their families, and health care systems. For this reason, public health interventions aimed at counseling and educating high-risk individuals and populations are of vital importance. In the Americas this is especially important in the areas of high prevalence(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano , Retroviridae , Doadores de Sangue , Medicina Preventiva , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , AméricaRESUMO
La primera descripción del virus de la leucemia humana de células T tipo 1 (VLHT-1) se hizo en 1980, y al poco tiempo, en 1982, se descubrió el VLHT-2. Desde entonces las características principales de estos virus, a los que a menudo se les llama VLHT-1/2, se han estudiado exhaustivamente. Centroamérica, América del Sur y el Caribe son áreas con una alta prevalencia de VLHT-1 y VLHT-2 donde hay conglomerados de personas infectadas. Las principales vías de transmisión han sido el contacto sexual, la sangre y sus derivados, y la de madre a hijo por la leche materna. El VLHT-1 se asocia con la leucemia o el linfoma de células T maduras (LTM), la mielopatía o paraparesia tropical espástica ligada al VLHT (M/PTE), y la uveítis ligada al VLHT, así como con la dermatitis infecciosa de la infancia. Se necesita más información acerca del posible papel que desempeña el VLHT en la aparición de enfermedades reumáticas, psiquiátricas e infecciosas. En vista de que no se dispone de ninguna cura para la LTM ni la M/PTE, como tampoco de ninguna vacuna para prevenir la transmisión del VLHT-1 y VLHT-2, estas enfermedades acarrean enormes costos sociales y económicos para las personas infectadas, sus parientes y los sistemas de salud. Por este motivo, las intervenciones sanitarias orientadas a asesorar e instruir a personas y poblaciones en alto riesgo revisten una importancia crítica. En el continente americano esto cobra aun más importancia en zonas de alta prevalencia.
